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Winter

In the News

Home Communications In the News Winterization Watchlist

10.15.2019

True Grid

Winterization Watchlist

By Jack Jackson, Sr Reliability Specialist NERC Services

As we come in to fall the threat of unexpected and severe winter becomes a daily ritual of checking the weather to see how much you need to bundle up and make sure you have all those contingency items to get around safely.  And with ISOs and Regional Entities sending out surveys and posting materials we are reminded that generators need to take similar if not more intense precautions as these preparations have the potential to effect thousands.

Severe winter weather can cause icing and other mechanical problems that inhibit generator functionality and even potentially generator availability.  While FERC, NERC, the ISOs and the Regional Entities all have reports, training and lessons learned from extreme winter weather conditions It’s worth revisiting for new facilities that haven’t experienced a wild winter or existing facilities that have seen it all before.  Complacency and overconfidence are no match for the machinations of Mother Nature on a bad day.  While its not possible to cover all the materials these entities have compiled here we can cover some critical thinking with regards to winter weather.

  • Know your limits – Beyond maintaining awareness of your electrical limits and facility ratings, it’s important to know to what temperature the facility is expected to operate to. Keeping this number in mind as you scan weather reports can be the biggest asset to maintaining availability.
  • Review your work – Warm weather maintenance can easily be overlooked for cold weather impacts. And it’s not only existing facilities but new facilities as well that can be impacted.  Double check all maintenance items no matter how small to make sure that heating elements or insulation materials are in place.
  • Changes to the neighborhood – Many facilities have the benefit of being in on their own in their little part of the world. That doesn’t stop the world from encroaching into the vicinity of these choice locations whether it’s a warehouse, another industrial process or even another generator.  These changes can impact anything from the way the wind blows across equipment to competitions for water supply.  An evaluation to changes to surrounding structures and resources should be evaluated in winter preparations.
  • Aging materials – As equipment and materials age they can fail for any number of reasons. For this reason, care should be taken with protections against extreme winter conditions to ensure that as they age they are not silently diminishing the protections they provide.  While this won’t rule out any sudden failures, audits of winter weather protections can reduce the scope or severity of age related failures.

Care should be taken when moving through the winter preparations checklist.  Time spent considering conditions and changes while performing winterization checks can save time from needing to complete assessments of winter outages.  Large facilities can be taken down by the smallest component and likewise any recommendation or observations should be given due consideration to maintain availability.  While this is not a new topic, there is always room for improvement in either established facilities or new constructions that haven’t previously experienced severe winter weather.

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    CAISO Generator Modeling Process and Data Requirements

    Don’t wait until the last minute. You should allow time for at least one iteration with CAISO so that you are complete and deemed compliant before your deadline.

    On August 1, 2018, CAISO introduced a revised Business Practice Manual for Transmission Planning Process (BPM), which includes new data requirements for interconnected generation resources within the ISO’s footprint. Section 10 of the BPM establishes revised data requirements and compliance procedures for all participating generators including non-NERC registered entities. While additional requirements have been placed on larger NERC registered facilities, these changes may pose an even greater burden to entities that have been exempt from NERC mandated modeling and protection requirements.

    New data requirements include voltage and frequency protection models, power flow models, and in some cases, sub-synchronous resonance models. These models must be verified using criteria listed in the BPM, which can only be performed by entities with modeling software and knowledge of modeling practices.

    NAES is prepared to assist entities with data aggregation, modeling, and testing to ensure compliance with CAISO’s data requests. The following links will allow entities to determine when to expect their individual data requests (phase) and what data will be required (category).

    Business Practice Manual (BPM)

    Entity Category and Phase Listing

    CAISO Transmission Planning Website

    TPL-007

    TPL-007 establishes planning criteria for induced currents caused by geomagnetic disturbances. The standard is applicable to facilities using transformer(s) with a high side, wye grounded winding operated above 200 kV and can require both submittal of general geomagnetic data (R2) and thermal impact assessments (R6) depending on results of Planning Coordinator analysis.

    VOLTAGE AND REACTIVE (VAR) STANDARDS

    VAR-501-WECC

    VAR-501-WECC requires applicable entities within the WECC region to confirm performance settings and characteristics of Power System Stabilizers (PSS). NAES provides physical testing and reporting services to address WECC’s specific PSS requirements.

    PERSONNEL PERFORMANCE, TRAINING AND QUALIFICATIONS

    PER-006

    PER-006 requires Generator Operators to provide training to personnel who are responsible for the Real-time control of a generator. NAES has developed specific protection system training materials suitable for compliance with the Standard and provides this training both on and off site

    PROTECTION AND CONTROL (PRC) STANDARDS

    PRC-001

    PRC-001 requires entities to coordinate protection system changes with other affected parties. NAES offers both procedural documentation and engineering services to establish the required coordination for both PRC-001 and PRC-027.

    PRC-002

    PRC-002 requires the installation and operation of disturbance monitoring equipment (DME) for applicable entities. NAES can assist with the design and installation of DME as well as ongoing compliance support.

    PRC-019

    PRC-019 requires applicable entities to show coordination between voltage regulating controls, limiters, equipment capabilities, and protection settings. NAES produces PRC-019 specific coordination studies for both traditional generators and renewable projects to establish compliance with the Standard.

    PRC-023

    PRC-023 requires load responsive protective relays be set according to criteria within the Standard to ensure settings do not limit transmission loadability. NAES provides full engineering analyses to maintain compliance with this Standard.

    PRC-024

    PRC-024 requires applicable entities to ensure generator protective relays do not trip within predefined frequency and voltage limits. NAES can complete protection settings analyses and provide compliance documentation that clearly identifies protection settings as they relate to NERC’s “no trip” zones.

    PRC-025

    PRC-025 establishes minimum settings requirements for load-responsive relays protecting generators, step up transformers, and auxiliary transformers. NAES utilizes predefined calculation options as well as simulations to determine a facility’s compliance status and development of new relay settings if required.

    PRC-026

    PRC-026 requires applicable entities to perform load responsive relay settings analyses based on criteria identified within the Standard. Entities are typically notified by the Planning Coordinator when an analysis is required. NAES performs all required studies to establish compliance.

    MODELING, DATA, AND ANALYSIS (MOD) STANDARDS

    MOD-025

    MOD-025 requires Real and Reactive Power capability testing for individual generating units over 20 MVA or facilities with over 75 MVA of generation capacity. NAES offers site specific test procedures and/or complete onsite testing services to meet the requirements of this standard.

    MOD-026

    MOD-026 requires verification of excitation or volt/var control dynamic models through utilization of either system disturbances or physical testing. NAES offers full testing and modeling services to meet the requirements of this standard.

    MOD-027

    MOD-027 requires verification of governor or active power/frequency control dynamic models through utilization of either system disturbances or physical testing. NAES offers full testing and modeling services to meet the requirements of this standard.