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In the News

Home Communications In the News Capitalizing on Compliance – Disturbance Monitoring Solutions

7.7.2020

Capitalizing on Compliance – Disturbance Monitoring Solutions

By Steve Nollette, Principal Engineer, EXPERT POWER SOLUTIONS, Inc. Steve

To fulfill the requirements of NERC PRC-002-2, consider evaluating the existing protection and control system for partial compliance, before installing a single-purpose device, such as a Digital Disturbance Recorder (DDR). Many generation sites have latent/dormant capacity for sequence of event (SER) recordings and fault recording (FR) capabilities that partially satisfy the requirements of the PRC-002-2 standard but have not been set up or configured properly. These ancillary devices can all be considered components of the Digital Monitoring Equipment (DME). Attention should be given to the existing system resources as well as any near-term capital improvement projects of the generator protection and control systems. By leveraging the existing system benefits beyond meeting the minimum requirements of PRC-002, other recurring NERC standards can also be supported. Consider the following three examples. 

First, recordings captured by the DME are intended to assist engineers with post transient analysis. However, the same equipment can also be utilized for performance testing. Regular performance verification of the exciter/voltage regulator and governor controls are required by NERC MOD-026 and MOD-027 standards. Imagine regularly collecting transient data as proof of machine performance rather than scheduling specialized testing firms to demonstrate machine performance. 

Second, Protection System Maintenance requirements in standards PRC-005, 008, 011, 017 require that system components be maintained by either a time-based or condition-based maintenance (CBM) program. A carefully engineered DME can supplement  a CBM program by providing verification, virtual continuous monitoring, and non-invasive maintenance data of protection system components. A CBM program has a significant advantage over time-based maintenance programs in that problems or failures are reported within seconds of occurring, reducing the percentage of problems, mis-operations or failures that would occur before being caught in the next round of testing.  

A third example of leveraged DME capabilities relates to the accessibility of instrument transformers on a regular testing schedule. As a DME collects signals from analog devices, comparisons can be made between signals received from each instrument transformer across the monitored system thereby verifying functionality and accuracy across devices. This can be especially advantageous when considering the difficulty to access instrument transformers within generators, iso-phase bus, transformer bushings, etc. 

Using these strategies, existing infrastructure and investment capital can be leveraged to provide benefits beyond meeting the minimum regulatory requirements of a single NERC standard. Prudent operator/owners can use this opportunity to not only reduce the cost of compliance but to also build in additional system features to support multiple NERC maintenance and performance testing standards. Rather than being a burden, NERC PRC-002 can be a great opportunity to holistically consider the benefits of new technologies and equipment capabilities to save maintenance dollars while improving operational readiness. 

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    CAISO Generator Modeling Process and Data Requirements

    Don’t wait until the last minute. You should allow time for at least one iteration with CAISO so that you are complete and deemed compliant before your deadline.

    On August 1, 2018, CAISO introduced a revised Business Practice Manual for Transmission Planning Process (BPM), which includes new data requirements for interconnected generation resources within the ISO’s footprint. Section 10 of the BPM establishes revised data requirements and compliance procedures for all participating generators including non-NERC registered entities. While additional requirements have been placed on larger NERC registered facilities, these changes may pose an even greater burden to entities that have been exempt from NERC mandated modeling and protection requirements.

    New data requirements include voltage and frequency protection models, power flow models, and in some cases, sub-synchronous resonance models. These models must be verified using criteria listed in the BPM, which can only be performed by entities with modeling software and knowledge of modeling practices.

    NAES is prepared to assist entities with data aggregation, modeling, and testing to ensure compliance with CAISO’s data requests. The following links will allow entities to determine when to expect their individual data requests (phase) and what data will be required (category).

    Business Practice Manual (BPM)

    Entity Category and Phase Listing

    CAISO Transmission Planning Website

    TPL-007

    TPL-007 establishes planning criteria for induced currents caused by geomagnetic disturbances. The standard is applicable to facilities using transformer(s) with a high side, wye grounded winding operated above 200 kV and can require both submittal of general geomagnetic data (R2) and thermal impact assessments (R6) depending on results of Planning Coordinator analysis.

    VOLTAGE AND REACTIVE (VAR) STANDARDS

    VAR-501-WECC

    VAR-501-WECC requires applicable entities within the WECC region to confirm performance settings and characteristics of Power System Stabilizers (PSS). NAES provides physical testing and reporting services to address WECC’s specific PSS requirements.

    PERSONNEL PERFORMANCE, TRAINING AND QUALIFICATIONS

    PER-006

    PER-006 requires Generator Operators to provide training to personnel who are responsible for the Real-time control of a generator. NAES has developed specific protection system training materials suitable for compliance with the Standard and provides this training both on and off site

    PROTECTION AND CONTROL (PRC) STANDARDS

    PRC-001

    PRC-001 requires entities to coordinate protection system changes with other affected parties. NAES offers both procedural documentation and engineering services to establish the required coordination for both PRC-001 and PRC-027.

    PRC-002

    PRC-002 requires the installation and operation of disturbance monitoring equipment (DME) for applicable entities. NAES can assist with the design and installation of DME as well as ongoing compliance support.

    PRC-019

    PRC-019 requires applicable entities to show coordination between voltage regulating controls, limiters, equipment capabilities, and protection settings. NAES produces PRC-019 specific coordination studies for both traditional generators and renewable projects to establish compliance with the Standard.

    PRC-023

    PRC-023 requires load responsive protective relays be set according to criteria within the Standard to ensure settings do not limit transmission loadability. NAES provides full engineering analyses to maintain compliance with this Standard.

    PRC-024

    PRC-024 requires applicable entities to ensure generator protective relays do not trip within predefined frequency and voltage limits. NAES can complete protection settings analyses and provide compliance documentation that clearly identifies protection settings as they relate to NERC’s “no trip” zones.

    PRC-025

    PRC-025 establishes minimum settings requirements for load-responsive relays protecting generators, step up transformers, and auxiliary transformers. NAES utilizes predefined calculation options as well as simulations to determine a facility’s compliance status and development of new relay settings if required.

    PRC-026

    PRC-026 requires applicable entities to perform load responsive relay settings analyses based on criteria identified within the Standard. Entities are typically notified by the Planning Coordinator when an analysis is required. NAES performs all required studies to establish compliance.

    MODELING, DATA, AND ANALYSIS (MOD) STANDARDS

    MOD-025

    MOD-025 requires Real and Reactive Power capability testing for individual generating units over 20 MVA or facilities with over 75 MVA of generation capacity. NAES offers site specific test procedures and/or complete onsite testing services to meet the requirements of this standard.

    MOD-026

    MOD-026 requires verification of excitation or volt/var control dynamic models through utilization of either system disturbances or physical testing. NAES offers full testing and modeling services to meet the requirements of this standard.

    MOD-027

    MOD-027 requires verification of governor or active power/frequency control dynamic models through utilization of either system disturbances or physical testing. NAES offers full testing and modeling services to meet the requirements of this standard.